Martha Banta (May 11, 1928 – March 31, 2020) was an American literary scholar. Martha Banta was born on May 11, 1928, in Muncie, Indiana. She received a BA from Indiana University in 1950 and a PhD, also from Indiana, in 1964. She taught English at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1983 onwards, and was named a distinguished professor there. In 1982, she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. From 1990 to 1991, Banta was the president of the American Studies Association. She received the Carl Bode–Norman Holmes Pearson Prize for Lifetime Achievement and Service from the ASA in 2002. From 1997 to 2000, she edited PMLA, the journal of the Modern Language Association. Banta died on March 31, 2020, in Pasadena, California.